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小孩总是咳嗽咳成支气管炎咳嗽怎么办

2025-08-032

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小孩总是咳嗽咳成支气管炎咳嗽怎么办

小孩总是咳嗽咳成支气管炎咳嗽怎么办

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  • 主任医师 解答

    支气管炎的治疗方法需根据病情严重程度和病因决定，通常不存在单一的最佳方案。常见治疗包括日常调理、药物治疗、雾化治疗、吸氧治疗、静脉输液等，建议及时就医明确诊断。

    1、日常调理

    保持室内湿度50%-60%，每日饮水800-1000ml，2岁以上儿童可饮用蜂蜜水缓解咳嗽。避免接触冷空气、烟雾等刺激因素，保证每日10-12小时睡眠。

    2、药物治疗

    剧烈干咳可使用右美沙芬口服液，痰液粘稠时用氨溴索糖浆祛痰。细菌感染需经血常规确认后，选用阿莫西林颗粒或头孢克肟颗粒（6月以下禁用），支原体感染需用阿奇霉素干混悬剂。喘息症状需联合孟鲁司特钠咀嚼片。

    3、雾化治疗

    针对喘息性支气管炎，采用布地奈德混悬液联合沙丁胺醇溶液雾化，每日2-3次，每次10-15分钟，需使用面罩式雾化器确保药物吸入。

    4、吸氧治疗

    当血氧饱和度低于94%时，需通过鼻导管或面罩给予湿化氧气，流量0.5-2L/分钟，维持血氧在95%以上，尤其适用于呼吸急促患儿。

    5、静脉输液

    出现脱水症状（尿量减少、囟门凹陷）或无法口服药物时，需静脉补液。细菌感染严重者可静滴头孢曲松钠，病毒性支气管炎需用干扰素α雾化吸入治疗。

    患儿出现持续发热超过3天、呼吸频率＞40次/分、三凹征或口唇发绀时，应立即前往儿科急诊。治疗期间需每日监测体温4次，记录咳嗽频率和痰液性状，复诊时携带用药记录供医生参考调整方案。

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